利用 ELK系统分析Nginx日志并对数据进行可视化展示

看日志是很麻烦的事情，作为一个运维(摸鱼)工程师，就要是把繁琐的事情简单化，标准化，慢慢的取代繁琐的操作，本文简单的写一下通过ELK系统对Nginx日志分析并可视化的部署过程，先上效果图：

话不多说，开始部署：

需要的相关组件：

Nginx

Elasticsearch 搜索分析引擎

Logstash 数据收集引擎

Grafana 对Elasticsearch里的数据展示

1.修改Nginx 日志格式：

#vim nginx.conf    #在http内添加如下
log_format nginx_log
    '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
    '"host":"$hostname",'
    '"server_ip":"$server_addr",'
    '"client_ip":"$remote_addr",'
    '"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",'
    '"domain":"$host",'
    '"url":"$uri",'
    '"referer":"$http_referer",'
    '"args":"$args",'
    '"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",'
    '"responsetime":"$request_time",'
    '"request_method":"$request_method",'
    '"status":"$status",'
    '"size":"$body_bytes_sent",'
    '"request_body":"$request_body",'
    '"request_length":"$request_length",'
    '"protocol":"$server_protocol",'
    '"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",'
    '"file_dir":"$request_filename",'
    '"http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent"'
  '}';
access_log  logs/access.log  nginx_log   #改成上面添加的名称
保存后重载Nginx
nginx -s reload

2.搭建Elasticsearch单机

elasticsearch需要java环境，本文不再赘述
elasticsearch官网下载安装包 https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/elasticsearch
修改系统相关参数

echo "vm.max_map_count=655360" >>/etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
    * soft core unlimited
    * hard core unlimited
    * soft nofile 1048576
    * hard nofile 1048576
    * soft nproc 65536
    * hard nproc 65536
    * soft sigpending 255983
    * hard sigpending 255983
    * soft memlock unlimited
    * hard memlock unlimited
vim /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
* soft nproc 65536
* hard nproc 65536

解压，修改配置文件并启动

vim  config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: test
node.name: node1
discovery.seed_hosts: []
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node1"]
path.data: /opt/data/elasticsearch/   #数据目录
path.logs: /opt/logs/elasticsearch/  #日志目录
bootstrap.memory_lock: true
network.host: 0.0.0.0
vim config/jvm.options
-Xms4g   #最佳配置为系统内存的一半
-Xmx4g   #
添加用户：
useradd elastic
切换到elastic用户
 su elastic -
启动elasticsearch
bin/elasticsearch -d

3.安装Logstach

logstash需要java环境，本文不再赘述
logstash官方下载安装包 https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/logstash 并解压
下载geoip数据库 https://dev.maxmind.com/geoip/geoip2/geolite2/ 并解压到logstash目录
修改相关配置并启动

vim nginx.yml
input {
    file {
        path => ["/var/log/nginx/access.log"] #nginx日志目录
    }
}
filter {
  geoip {
    #multiLang => "zh-CN"
    target => "geoip"
    source => "client_ip"
    database => "/opt/logstash/GeoLite2-City.mmdb" #geoip数据库路径
    add_field => [ "[geoip][coordinates]", "%{[geoip][longitude]}" ]
    add_field => [ "[geoip][coordinates]", "%{[geoip][latitude]}" ]
    # 去掉显示 geoip 显示的多余信息
    remove_field => ["[geoip][latitude]", "[geoip][longitude]", "[geoip][country_code]", "[geoip][country_code2]", "[geoip][country_code3]", "[geoip][timezone]", "[geoip][continent_code]", "[geoip][region_code]"]
  }
  mutate {
    convert => [ "size", "integer" ]
    convert => [ "status", "integer" ]
    convert => [ "responsetime", "float" ]
    convert => [ "upstreamtime", "float" ]
    convert => [ "[geoip][coordinates]", "float" ]
    # 过滤 filebeat 没用的字段,这里过滤的字段要考虑好输出到es的，否则过滤了就没法做判断
    remove_field => [ "ecs","agent","host","cloud","@version","input","logs_type" ]
  }
  # 根据http_user_agent来自动处理区分用户客户端系统与版本
  useragent {
    source => "http_user_agent"
    target => "ua"
    # 过滤useragent没用的字段
    remove_field => [ "[ua][minor]","[ua][major]","[ua][build]","[ua][patch]","[ua][os_minor]","[ua][os_major]" ]
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => "http://192.168.25.70:9200" #elasticsearch 地址
    index => "logstash-nginx-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
启动logstash
bin/logstash -f /opt/logstash/nginx.yml &

4.安装Grafana

Ubuntu or Deban:
sudo apt-get install -y adduser libfontconfig1
wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana_7.2.0_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i grafana_7.2.0_amd64.deb
Centos:
wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana-7.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo yum install grafana-7.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm

安装后打开ip:3000 默认密码admin/admin 进入后修改密码
设置-数据源-添加数据源，选择Elasticsearch
配置elasticsearch地址，index索引名称等
添加可视化面板导入id填 11190 并点击load数据源选择刚刚添加的Elasticsearch，并点击import完成后如果前面配置没有什么问题，就可以看到数据了，也可以根据数据自己动手添加图表